| Approach graft |
A type of grafting where two independent plants are grafted together and severed only once the graft has “taken.” |
| Bridge graft |
A type of repair graft used when a plant has been girdled; scion pieces are inserted above and below the girdled site and act to repair the disruption of the cambium. |
| Budding |
A form of grafting where a single scion is used rather than an entire stem. |
| Callus |
Growing mass of unorganized parenchyma cells produced in response to wounding. |
| Callus bridge |
Parenchyma cells that lie between the cambium of the rootstock and the scion and differentiate into cambium cells. |
| Chimera |
When two different genotypes are growing on a single plant. |
| Cleft grafting |
A form of grafting where the rootstock is much larger than the scion; both are dormant. |
| Corm |
A condensed stem and storage organ; typically growing underground and covered in scale leaves. |
| Differentiation |
Process by which cells or tissues undergo a change toward a more specialized form or function. |
| Genotype |
Genetic composition of an organism. |
| Geophyte |
New growth begins underground and the function of the underground growth is storage of food, nutrients, and water during adverse environmental conditions. |
| Graft union |
Location where the rootstock and scion meet. |
| Grafting |
Art and science of connecting two pieces of living plant tissue together in such a manner that they will unite and subsequently grow and develop into one composite plant. |
| Imbricate bulb |
Underground storage organ formed primarily of modified leaves (scales) without a papery covering. Individual scales do not encircle the entire bulb. |
| Pruning |
Cutting away dead, overgrown, or unwanted branches or stems to improve safety, aesthetics, or productivity. |
| Rhizome |
Stem that grows horizontally underground and is a swollen storage organ for the plant. |
| Rootstock |
Portion of a graft that contains the root system. |
| Scion |
Portion of a graft that contains the shoot system and all above-ground parts. |
| Stolon |
Creeping horizontal stem, sometimes called a runner, that roots and forms plantlets at nodes that extend away from the mother plant. |
| Suberin |
Impermeable (to water and gases), waxy substance present in the cell walls of corky tissues. |
| T-budding |
A type of budding performed using dormant scion buds on actively growing rootstocks; typically done outdoors in late summer. |
| Topworking |
A type of grafting performed on established orchard trees. |
| Tuber |
A thickened underground stem used as a storage organ for many plants to allow for perennation. |
| Tunicate bulb |
An underground storage organ formed primarily of modified leaves formed in concentric circles around the active meristem. The bulb is covered with a papery covering. |
| Whip and tongue graft |
A type of graft where both scion and rootstock are dormant and the same diameter; much more secure than other types of bench grafts. |
