13.1 Chapter Objectives

The goals of this chapter are to give you a foundational understanding of human reproductive anatomy and how our anatomical structures, working in concert with the endocrine system, function to make baby humans.

1. Define the following terms:
   • Sexual dimorphism
   • Secondary sex characteristics
   • Endocrine system
   • Menstruation
   • Ovulation
   • Follicular phase
   • Luteal phase
2. Describe and give examples of positive and negative feedback loops in reproductive signaling
3. Compare and contrast male and female reproductive signaling
4. List the major parts of the male and female reproductive systems and their functions:
   • Hypothalamus
   • Pituitary gland
   • Penis
   • Testis
   • Scrotum
   • Seminiferous tubules
   • Epididymis
   • Seminal vesicle:
   • Bulbourethral (or Cowper’s) gland
   • Prostate gland
   • Ductus (or vas) deferens
   • Ejaculatory duct
   • Penis
   • Urethra
   • Follicle
   • Corpus luteum
   • Vagina
   • Clitoris
   • Labia minor
   • Labia major
   • Cervix
   • Uterus
   • Oviducts
   • Ovaries
5. List the important signaling hormones and what they do in male and female reproductive systems
6. Describe the three phases of the female reproductive cycle and what happens during each phase in the uterus, the ovary, and the hormone levels
7. List some ways that medications can impact reproductive functions