Introduction

The field of Iberian Studies covers the culturally and linguistically diverse area comprising modern-day Spain, Portugal, and Andorra. In Spain, there are 17 autonomous communities with defined boundaries, unique cultures, and, in most cases, distinct languages or dialects: Andalusia, Catalonia, Madrid, Valencia, Galicia, Castile and León, the Basque Country, Castile-La Mancha, the Canary Islands, Murcia, Aragon, Extremadura, the Balearic Islands, Asturias, Navarre, Cantabria, and La Rioja. Portugal, which is generally more uniform in its language and culture, includes the island regions of the Azores and Madeira in addition to its primary continental territory. The small country of Andorra consists of seven parishes: Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, and Sant Julià de Lòria.

Portuguese is the official language of Portugal; there are currently an estimated 10 million speakers in Portugal alone, with an additional 248 million speakers across the world (Yates 2021). In Andorra, the official language is Catalan, spoken by approximately 30,000 people, with Spanish, Portuguese, and French spoken in smaller numbers (Koyfman 2021).

In Spain, on the other hand, there is much more linguistic diversity. Spanish, or Castilian, is the country’s official language. There are an estimated 43.64 million Spanish speakers in Spain alone (Romero 2021), and 460 million Spanish speakers across the globe, making them the second largest native-language population in the world (Thompson 2021). Aside from Castilian, the Spanish Constitution officially recognizes and sanctions “other Spanish languages” used in the autonomous communities, noting that “the wealth of the different language modalities of Spain is a cultural heritage which shall be the object of special respect and protection” (The Spanish Constitution. Article 3, 1978, 9). These languages include Basque, Catalan, and Gallego, spoken in their respective autonomous regions of Euskadi (or Basque Country), Catalonia, and Galicia. Of all the languages spoken in Spain, Basque, also known as Euskara, is distinct; it is unrelated to any other existing languages and is thought to pre-date the arrival of Indo-European languages to the Iberian Peninsula. Euskara is spoken by approximately 900,000 people, most of whom are located in the Spanish portion of Euskadi, while a smaller number inhabit the French portion (Etxepare Euskal Institutua 2022). Catalan is a co-official language of Catalonia, along with Spanish, and there are an estimated 2.78 million Catalan speakers in Catalonia (Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya 2019). Catalan is also spoken in Andorra, France, and Italy. Many other languages and dialects are spoken in smaller regions and communities of Iberia, including Aragonese, Astur-Leonese, French, Portugalician, and Valencian. Many of these languages encompass a dialect continuum of mutually intelligible varieties, and several additional terms are used to designate these smaller linguistic iterations.

The Academic Field

At large research universities in the United States, the field of Iberian Studies tends to reside within departments of Spanish, Portuguese, or Hispanic Studies. At smaller institutions, it may be found in departments of Romance Languages or Modern Languages and Cultures. The field is subject to ongoing debates concerning the terminology used to refer to the cultures and identities of Spanish-speaking people and heritage groups around the world, though much less so than its counterpart, Latin American Studies. While the term “Hispanic” predominates in the eastern part of the US, the terms “Latino,” “Chicano,” and “Latinx” are more common in the western part of the country. The term “Hispanic” is meant to encompass other Spanish-language disciplines outside of Iberian Studies, such as Latino, Latinx, Chicano, and Latin American Studies. Those fields, however, mainly focus on Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and Latin American culture in the US, while generally eschewing direct ties to Spain or Iberia. While it is impossible to entirely disconnect the study of those regions and cultures from their shared history of Spanish colonial rule, the field of Iberian Studies focuses more squarely on the languages and cultures of Spain, Portugal, and Andorra.

It should be noted that there are no known instances of college departments dedicated entirely to Iberian Studies in the US, though there are many departments whose name includes the term “Iberian Studies,” such as the Department of Iberian and Latin American Cultures (Stanford), the Department of Latin American and Iberian Cultures (Columbia), and the Department of Latin American and Iberian Studies (University of Massachusetts Boston). Aside from college departments, there are many interdisciplinary programs and centers whose names contain the phrase “Iberian Studies,” and numerous Iberian Studies disciplinary tracks within departments of Spanish, Portuguese, and Hispanic Studies.

Due to the substantial and increasing influence of the Spanish language in the US, Iberian Studies occupies a privileged position among other language and literature disciplines. According to the 2016 Modern Language Association (MLA) survey of enrollments in languages other than English in US institutions of higher education, total enrollment in Spanish language courses in 2016 was 712,240, compared to the combined total of 705,598 for all other languages (Looney and Lusin 2019, 26). This pattern has held true since the mid 1990s and is very likely to continue in the coming decades.

As in other humanistic fields, however, growth in enrollments and financial support for Iberian Studies has slowed across the US higher education landscape over the last several decades. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), between 1971 and 2019, Humanities disciplines in general saw only an 88% increase in total number of degrees conferred, compared to computer sciences (3,612%), engineering (192%), business (238%), and health professions and related programs (897%) (NCES 2020b). Moreover, the overarching fields of study that Iberian Studies fall into, i.e. “Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender, and Group Studies” and “Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics,” saw an average growth in the total number of bachelor’s degrees conferred of 4.7%, compared to computer and information sciences (3,233%), engineering (171%), business (235%), and health professions and related programs (871%) (NCES 1997, 102; NCES 2019; NCES 2020b).

While there has been a relatively modest growth rate for the Humanities disciplines as a whole over the last several decades, the number of degrees conferred in Iberian Studies fell 14% between 1971 and 2019. To put this shrinking into perspective, however, it is instructive to compare Spanish to French, the next most studied language in the US. From 1970-71 to 2017-18, the total number of bachelor’s degrees conferred in the field of Spanish shrunk at a rate of -17.6%, compared to -408.1% for bachelor’s degrees in French (NCES 1997, 103; NCES 2019; NCES 2020a).

As of 2019-20, 973 Title IV institutions of higher education in the US had an Iberian Studies degree-granting program, compared to 584 for French Studies, and 8,068 total degrees (undergraduate and graduate) were conferred in the Iberian Studies grouping during that year, compared to 1,766 for French Studies (NCES 2020b). For our purposes, Iberian Studies is represented by the following NCES program categories: Spanish and Iberian Studies; Portuguese Language and Literature; Spanish Language and Literature; and Hispanic and Latin American Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General. These categories are not comprehensive, but they represent the most appropriate grouping given the level of data collected by NCES.

As for other language and literature disciplines, the primary professional organization for Iberian Studies in the US is the Modern Language Association (MLA). According to its About Us page, the MLA “promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures through its programs, publications, annual convention, and advocacy work” (MLA 2021). Its annual convention serves as both a conference and a job market; prospective employees and employers use the convention to hold job interviews and network. MLA further facilitates connections among its members via discussion lists and MLA Commons pages, and supports regional sub-groups that hold their own conventions. These regional sub-groups include:

• Midwest Modern Language Association (MMLA)
• Northeast Modern Language Association (NEMLA)
• Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association (PAMLA)
• Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association (RMMLA)
• South Atlantic Modern Language Association (SAMLA)
• South Central Modern Language Association (SCMLA)

The MLA International Bibliography represents the most commonly used database for accessing scholarly literature on Iberian Studies topics. Details about this database are mentioned further below.

Several other professional organizations include Iberian Studies in their ambit, including the Renaissance Society of America (RSA), the Asociación de Licenciados y Doctores en Estados Unidos (ALDEEU), and the Grupo de Investigación Siglo de Oro (GISO).

In addition, the Instituto Cervantes (IC) and the Hispanic Society of America (HSA) are relevant to Iberian Studies, though they do not align neatly with the other professional organizations listed. The IC is a non-profit created by the Spanish government in 1991 to “universally promote the teaching, study, and use of Spanish, and contribute to the diffusion of Hispanic cultures abroad” (Instituto Cervantes 2021). With satellite offices in 88 cities across 45 countries, including seven in North America, it aims to “support the work of Hispanists,” and “publish various digital resources by means of the Centro Virtual Cervantes and make an electronic library accessible to the public” (Instituto Cervantes 2021). The HSA, in contrast, is primarily an art museum and research library. Founded in 1904, its mission is “to collect, preserve, study, exhibit, stimulate appreciation for, and advance knowledge of, works directly related to the arts, literature, and history of the countries wherein Spanish and Portuguese are or have been predominant spoken languages” (HSA 2018). While HSA’s function as a vehicle of scholarly communication is limited in comparison with MLA, it remains relevant for its research collection, exhibits, and historical importance as the first site dedicated to the study of Iberian cultures in the US.

Many smaller professional organizations focus on specific topic areas relevant to Iberian Studies, including:

• Association for Hispanic Classical Theater (AHCT)
• Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas (AIH)
• Association for Spanish & Portuguese Historical Studies (ASPHS)
• Asociación Internacional Siglo de Oro (AISO)
• Asociación Internacional de Teatro Español y Novohispano de los Siglos de Oro (AITENSO)
• Cervantes Society of America (CSA)
• Asociación de Cervantistas (AC)

Important conferences for Iberian Studies include the MLA Annual Convention, the International Congress on Medieval Studies (Kalamazoo), the Congresos Internacionales de Literatura y Estudios Hispánicos (CILH), and the Kentucky Foreign Language Conference (KFLC). All of these conferences are held annually.

To best support Iberian Studies researchers, often referred to as Hispanists, one must understand their scholarly and information-seeking behaviors. The most up-to-date overview of scholarly trends affecting Iberian Studies is contained in the Ithaka S+R report, Supporting Research in Languages and Literatures (Cooper et al. 2020). Sponsored by MLA, the report is not specific to Iberian Studies disciplines, but covers language and literature fields in general, and focuses on faculty behavior related to the research process and on the research landscape for these disciplines. Here are 10 key takeaways from that report for the Iberian Studies librarian to keep in mind:

1. Print monographs and peer-reviewed articles remain the most prominent and preferred forms of scholarly communication; scholars often accumulate their own personal libraries of physical texts. Traditional publications (e.g., monographs, peer-reviewed articles, critical editions, book chapters) continue to be prioritized in departmental promotion and tenure requirements, despite increasing interest in and awareness of alternative forms of publishing.
2. Most research focuses on a core text or corpus of texts. Thanks to cultural studies, the parameters of what counts as a “text” have expanded; as one interviewee puts it, “anything’s a text for us to study now” (Cooper et al. 2020, 13).
3. Language and literature scholarship is increasingly interdisciplinary, drawing on fields such as history, musicology, art history, film and theater studies, cultural studies, philosophy, anthropology, and linguistics.
4. Researchers in these disciplines regularly use archives and special collections materials and/or their digital surrogates. Difficulty accessing materials and varying institutional regulations are common frustrations.
5. Rates of consultation with subject librarians for research assistance vary widely.
6. The use of Google Scholar is common despite acknowledgment of its limitations.
7. Many faculty believe that graduate students would benefit from instruction in research methods, though they tend to be reluctant to seek out that instruction for themselves.
8. Most research is credited to a single researcher, though they might receive help from others in their research process; co-authorship remains rare.
9. The prestige of publishing in certain journals curtails desires to support open-access publishing, even when individuals are theoretically in favor of open-access models.
10. Confusion remains around the meaning of the terms “open access,” “digital humanities,” and “public humanities”; real engagement with these concepts and practices remains rare.

The Recommendations section of this report is especially useful for forward-thinking librarians. It provides practical advice on how to best prepare for the future needs of language and literature scholars, including centering discovery on core texts, activating liaison relationships, prioritizing diverse collections, training graduate students in bibliography, and building social tools to engage on a variety of scales (Cooper et al. 2020).

Publishing Landscape

Spain’s publishing landscape is dominated by large media conglomerates, based locally, like Grupo Planeta, and abroad, like Germany’s Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial) or France’s Hachete (Grupo Anaya). In recent years these mega publishers have acquired independent, well-known fiction imprints such as Anagrama, by Italy’s Feltrinelli, and Tusquets, by Planeta. Their respective series Narrativas Hispánicas and Colección Andanzas represent established and emerging writers from both sides of the Atlantic. Most scholarly presses are also grouped under the umbrella Unión de Editoriales Universitarias Españolas.

Smaller publishers have established regional alliances, with Madrid’s publishers association (Asociación de Editores Madrid) one of the best examples. As WorldCat holdings show, many are well-represented in North American academic libraries:

• Editorial Egales (WorldCat holdings for Egales)
• Iberoamericana/Vervuert (WorldCat holdings for Iberoamericana)
• Marcial Pons (WorldCat holdings for Marcial Pons)
• Editorial Pliegos (WorldCat holdings for Pliegos)
• Editorial Páginas de Espuma (WorldCat holdings for Páginas de Espuma)
• Editorial Pre-textos (WorldCat holdings for Pre-textos)
• Editorial Verbum (WorldCat holdings for Verbum)

Except for works by well-known authors, print runs are usually 1,000 copies, often less. Publishing continues to be a print-based industry (21.6% digital), according to the latest available figures covering 2019, published in 2021 (Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe 2021, 13), and has remained around 20-25% (Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte 2020, 25).

All of these figures are prior to COVID-19, and it is very likely that post-pandemic digital publishing will show an increase over print. Data from during the pandemic showed a tendency in this direction, with an increase in digital readership (Anderson, February 2021).

Portugal’s publishing landscape is also dominated by local mega publishers—Porto Editora, owner of the Bertrand bookshops, and Grupo Leya. Together, these groups control more than 70% of the publishing market, and also cover textbook publishing in Portuguese-speaking Africa (Angola and Mozambique). Virtually all canonical names in Lusophone literature (e.g José Saramago, Mia Couto, Germano Almeida, José Agualusa, Walter Hugo Mãe, Lídia Jorge) are linked to one of these groups. There is no available data on print runs, but it’s likely to be similar to that of Spain noted above. In acquiring local publishers, Germany’s Bertelsmann formed Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Portugal; “the new company will have a backlist of some 4,000 titles and, together with books produced by PRH-controlled companies in Brazil, will publish about 650 new books a year” (Nawotka 2021).

The leading scholarly presses from the Universidade de Coimbra, Universidade do Porto and Universidade Católica are part of the university publisher consortium Associação Portuguesa de Editoras do Ensino Superior (APEES). Although not set up as a commercial space, the site can be useful for checking recent publications. Also of interest are institutional publishers like the Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda or the Imprensa Ciências Sociais. The Bibliografia Nacional Portuguesa portal, maintained by the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal (National Library of Portugal), contains useful information on what is published in the country, though it is not always up-to-date.

Statistical information from the Portuguese Publishers Association, or Associação Portuguesa de Editores e Livreiros (APEL), dates from 2014. (Neves et al. 2014). The site does not provide detailed data of print vs. digital titles, but does note electronic commerce and eBooks as a weakness in the country’s publishing output. A projected forthcoming report on the effects of the pandemic on the book industry could offer more current data. For comparison, neighboring the recent digital output of Spain is 20-25% (Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte 2020, 25), while that of Brazil (the other center of Portuguese publishing) is 32.67% (Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe 2021, 65). Portugal’s eBook production very likely falls between that range.

Collection Development Resources

For North American libraries, European-based vendors (Casalini Libri, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, Iberbook-Sánchez Cuesta, and Puvill Libros) offer recent print publications. Brazil’s Susanne Bach carries research materials covering a wider Lusophone speaking world that includes Africa.

Several vendors offer digital copies of material relevant to academic libraries as subscription or purchase via Casalini’s AccessTorossa, Digitalia, E-libro, and OpenEdition. The GOBI and OASIS platforms carry some materials for a wider audience beyond that of an academic library in both Spanish and Portuguese, although that output tends to be more from Latin America. Richard C. Ramer can be a source for out-of-print materials. These vendors are familiar with the library market and offer both approval plans and firm ordering. In recent years, Amazon listings have come to complement the much broader out-of-print holdings of Iberlibro.

A growing open access monographic presence is available from various scholarly presses and research centers in the region. With titles available via institutional repositories, it’s a highly decentralized output (Morka and Gatti 2021) with a limited presence in the DOAB (Directory of Open Access Books).

The America Reads Spanish website is a great resource for best-sellers, new releases, and reviews as well as for recent general news on publishing in Spain. Unfortunately, no such resource exists for Portugal. Newspaper literary supplements for the sources noted in the News Sources and Media Outlets section below include notices and reviews of recently published and forthcoming titles.

Book fairs, from the open air fairs held at Madrid’s Retiro Park to the Oporto and Lisbon Spring book events, continue to play an important role in distribution channels. The LIBER autumn fair alternates between Madrid and Barcelona, and usually occurs the week before the Frankfurt Book Fair. Since 1999, the Fair has hosted a yearly group of librarians from the US as “compradores” or book buyers.

A listing of “premios literarios,” or literary prizes, can be quite helpful in evaluating a collection. Spanish Literary Awards and Prémios literários de Portugal offer a simple way of matching a library’s holdings with the winners for any given year/prize. A recent text (Ibacache Olivia, et al. 2020) offers interesting insights on Spanish-language literary collecting practices of university libraries in the US. The Spanish Research Council, or Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), has embarked on a promising long-range, multi-country study on academic publishing in Iberoamerica, with findings that can be incorporated into future collecting strategies.

Disciplinary Resources

The following lists represent a compendium of some of the most frequently used and helpful resources for the field of Iberian Studies, including journals; primary source databases; secondary source databases; indexes; dissertation databases; news sources and media outlets; and catalogs, bibliographies, and archives. All journals and databases require a subscription except where otherwise noted. Other resources are designated as either open access or a subscription resource.

Journals

Hispanic Studies

• Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies
• Hispanic Review
• Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos (Open access)
• Revista de Estudios Hispánicos
• Revista Hispánica Moderna
• Romance Notes

Peninsular – Spain

• Anales de la Literatura Española Contemporánea
• Bulletin of Spanish Studies
• España Contemporánea
• Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies
• Letras Peninsulares
• Revista de Literatura (Open access)

Portuguese Studies – Language & Literature

• ALFA: Revista de Linguística (Open access)
• Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos (Open access)
• Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto (Open access)
• Letras de Hoje (Open access)
• Portuguese Studies
• Portuguese Literary & Cultural Studies

Literature/Humanities/Critical/Cultural Theory

• Comparative Literature
• Critical Inquiry
• Diacritics
• differences
• Modern Language Notes
• PMLA

Early Modern

• Anales Cervantinos (Open access)
• Bulletin of the Comediantes
• Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America
• Criticón (Web version open access)
• Edad de Oro (Open access)

Applied Linguistics

• Applied Linguistics
• Foreign Language Annals
• Hispania
• Journal of Spanish Language Teaching
• Language Learning
• The Modern Language Journal

Discourse Analysis/Sociolinguistics

• Discourse & Society
• Discurso y Sociedad
• Language in Society
• Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Discurso (Open access)
• Revista Iberoamericana de Lingüística
• Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas (Open access)

Primary Source Databases

Biblioteca Digital del Patrimonio Iberoamericano (BDPI; Digital Library of Iberoamerican Patrimony): The result of a collaboration of member libraries of the Asociación de Bibliotecas Nacionales de Iberoamérica (ABINIA). Provides access to digitized content from all of its member libraries, not just the Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE; National Library of Spain). Provides bibliographic details for digitized objects, and access to those objects wherever they may be hosted by individual libraries, but does not host digitized materials on its own server. Open access.

Biblioteca Digital Hispánica (Hispanic Digital Library): Digital library platform of the BNE. Provides free access to thousands of documents related to Spanish history and culture from the 15^th century to the present, including manuscripts, photographs, woodcuts, posters, maps, historic newspapers, and audio recordings. Open access.

Biblioteca Nacional Digital (National Digital Library, Portugal): Provides online access to digitized manuscripts and print materials in the Biblioteca Nacional’s collections. Users can perform keyword searches in the catalog or browse by document type, topic, author, or date of publication. Open access.

Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (Cervantes Virtual): Serves as a general portal to relevant websites for Iberian Studies, and provides access to spoken and written primary source material and to video interviews with authors. Open access.

Biblioteca Virtual de Polígrafos: Provides access to materials related to important “polygraphs” (intellectuals) from the Hispano-Luso world. Users can search by title or author, or browse different collections. Open access.

Clásicos en la Biblioteca Nacional (Cervantes Virtual): Provides free access to various kinds of materials related to the “classics” of Spanish literature, including facsimiles, manuscripts, printed editions, and bibliographies. Open access.

Comedias Sueltas Database: Resources for the study of comedias sueltas, Spanish plays published in inexpensive quarto editions from the 17^th to the early 19^th centuries. Aimed at scholars engaged in research on Spanish theater, book history, and print culture in Iberia before the machine press period. Open access.

EuroDocs: Collection of resources for the study of European History; includes transcriptions, facsimiles, and translations. Searchable by country and time period. Links out to digital primary sources hosted on other servers. Includes collections for Andorra, Spain, and Portugal. Open access.

Europeana: Provides digital access to materials held in cultural institutions across Europe. Users can browse by theme or century, then limit to Iberian materials by selecting Spain or Portugal in the country drop-down menu. Other limiters include item type, language, and institution. Open access.

Hemeroteca Digital: Part of the Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, but has a separate search interface that allows for more precise searching of its content. Provides access to historic newspapers, magazines, and journals from Spain. Open access.

HISPANA: Another portal for digitized materials related to Spanish cultural patrimony. Provides access to Spanish universities’ institutional repositories and to digital libraries from Spain’s autonomous communities, as well to a variety of other types of materials including manuscripts, maps, books, and photographs. Indexes contents found in CER.es, the collective catalog of the Red Digital de Colecciones de Museos de España, and includes Directorio de colecciones, a directory of digitization projects in Spain. Open access.

Latin American, Caribbean, U.S. Latinx, and Iberian Online Free E-Resources (LACLI): Online, searchable spreadsheet of digitized primary sources for the areas of Latin American, Caribbean, US Latinx, and Iberian studies. Compiled by librarians in the Latin America North East Libraries Consortium Group (LANE). An invaluable tool for locating e-resources on various topics in full text. Open access.

LIBRO (The Library of Iberian Resources Online): Provides full-text access to scholarly books on medieval and early modern Iberia, including translations, histories, and other academic monographs. All texts provided with permission from the author and/or copyright holder. Open access.

Secondary Source Databases

Academic Search Complete (EBSCO): Full-text database containing scholarly journals and video content for a variety of disciplines. Also indexes magazines, monographs, book reviews, reports, and conference proceedings. Subscription resource.

JSTOR: Provides extensive full-text coverage of core humanities disciplines. Most content is published outside of the US, and all journal content is peer-reviewed. Journals covering Iberian Studies may be found in the European Studies and, to a lesser degree, the Latin American Studies categories located under the Browse by Subject tool. Subscription resource.

MLA International Bibliography: Undoubtedly the most frequently utilized database for Iberian Studies in North America; available with full text or just as an index. Focuses on languages, literatures, film, and folklore, but also has interdisciplinary content such as cultural studies. Subscription resource.

OpenEdition: Open-access resource for academic communication in the humanities and social sciences. Platforms include OpenEdition Journals, OpenEdition Books, Hypotheses, and Calenda. Primarily focused on French and Francophone materials, but also contains substantial content on Spain and Portugal. “Freemium” content is freely available in HTML format, while PDF downloads are limited to members of partner institutions. Open access.

Project MUSE: Provides full-text access to scholarly journals and monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Offers various subscription and payment options, while also maintaining an open-access platform, Open Access on MUSE. Subscription resource.

Indexes

Dialnet: Index of published materials, dissertations, and conference proceedings. Coverage includes more than 5,000 Spanish journals as well as 2.1 million documents. Particularly useful for subjects related to Spain, such as History and Islamic Studies. Coverage is 1980 to the present. Open access.

ÍnDICEs CISC: Indexes journals and conference papers published in Spain in a wide variety of disciplines, from the humanities and social sciences to the physical sciences. Subscription resource.

Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA): Provides indexing and abstracts for international literature in linguistics and other language-based disciplines. Indexed content includes journal articles, book reviews, books, and dissertations. Subscription resource.

Periodicals Index Online (PIO): Database from ProQuest; provides multidisciplinary and international indexing of journals and periodicals for the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Includes many complete runs of periodicals. Especially useful for historical material. Subscription resource.

Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES; Spanish Archives Portal): Provides free access to indexed holdings of various Spanish archives. Includes holdings from a number of provincial archives, the archives from the Spanish Civil War, and the famous Archivo General de Indias, the most important archive of materials related to the Spanish colonial period in the Americas. Digitization and delivery of materials may be requested by directly contacting the holding archive. An especially good resource for those studying the Spanish New World. Open access.

Latindex: Indexes and, in some cases, provides full-text access to academic journals hosted on a variety of other sites. Focuses on scientific content, but includes some cultural content. Includes material from Spain and Portugal, in addition to Latin America and the Caribbean. Open access.

SciELO Citation Index (Web of Science): Indexes regional journals in Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Caribbean. Users will benefit from Web of Science’s citation impact tools. Provides links to some open-access content. Subscription resource.

Dissertations

In addition to the resources listed below, Iberian Studies dissertations may also be cataloged by MLA International Bibliography and WorldCat.

Catálogo de Tesis Doctorales Relacionadas con la Literatura (Cervantes Virtual; Catalog of Doctoral Theses Related to Literature): Catalog of multilingual literary studies doctoral dissertations. Some dissertations are available in full text. Open access.

Open Dissertations (EBSCO): Open access to global dissertations and theses via EBSCO.

PQDT Open (ProQuest): Open access to global dissertations and theses via ProQuest.

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global: Largest repository of full-text dissertations and theses from institutions worldwide. Subscription resource.

TESEO: Open access to Spanish dissertations dating back to 1976.

News Sources and Media Outlets

According to Statista, the following six Spanish newspapers had the most daily readers in 2020: Marca, El País, As, El Mundo, La Vanguardia, and Abc (Watson 2022); Marca and As are strictly dedicated to sports coverage. In Portugal, the major newspapers are Correio da Manhã, Expresso, Jornal de Notícias, and Público, and in Andorra, they are Altaveu (Andorra la Vella), Bondia, Diari d’Andorra (Andorra la Vella), and El Periòdic d’Andorra (Escaldes-Engordany). The two most popular newspapers in Catalonia are La Vanguardia and El Periódico de Catalunya, respectively (Statista Research Department 2015b); both publish separate daily editions in Catalan and Spanish. And in the Basque Country, El Correo and Diario Vasco have the highest readership (Statista Research Department 2015a).

Radio Nacional de España (RNE) is Spain’s national public radio broadcaster and maintains six distinct channels; Radio Nacional, Radio 4, Radio 5, and Radio Exterior de España include news coverage. Private radio broadcasters in Spain include PRISA Radio, Atresmedia Radio, and Radio Popular. Televisión Española (TVE) is the national public television broadcaster, and also maintains six channels; La 1, La 2, and 24 Horas include news coverage. Both RNE and TVE are owned by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE).

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is Portugal’s public broadcasting company. It provides access to four national television channels (RTP1, RTP2, RTP3, and RTP Memória) and three national radio stations (Antena 1, Antena 2, and Antena 3). RTP1 and RTP3 provide televised news coverage, while Antena 1 is the primary radio news outlet.

National Libraries

Biblioteca de Catalunya (Library of Catalonia): Contains print and digital collections (Fons digitalitzats) related to Catalonia. Collections include archival materials, manuscripts, print materials, graphic material, photographs, maps, and music and other audiovisual holdings. Document reproduction and delivery available upon request and a fee.

Biblioteca Digital Luso-Brasileira (Luso-Brazilian Digital Library): From Brazil’s National Library; integrates content related to Portugal and other Lusophone areas.

Biblioteca Nacional Digital (National Digital Library, Portugal): Provides access to digitized content from several libraries: Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, Biblioteca Pública de Évora, and Biblioteca da Ajuda.

Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE; National Library of Spain): Catalog search page (Catálogo BNE) contains links to other kinds of searches, including Advanced Search, Alphabetic Search, Signature (call number) Search, Digitized Materials Search, and eBook Search.

Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal (National Library of Portugal): Landing page links to digital content, legal deposit procedures, and union catalog for digital content.

Galiciana: Biblioteca Dixital de Galicia: Part of the Biblioteca de Galicia. Includes digitized materials in Galician on various aspects of the region’s history and culture.

Archives

Archivo Histórico Nacional (Spanish National Archives): Contains historical state documents and other historic materials related to the Spanish kingdom.

Arquivo de História Social (AHS; Social History Archive): Covers topics including labor and union history, anarchism, feminism, student movements, African nationalist movements, and Portuguese colonialism.

Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU; Ultramarine Historical Archive): Portal for Portuguese and Lusophone colonial documents held in various collections.

Catálogo Colectivo de la Red de Bibliotecas de los Archivos Estatales y del CIDA (REBAE; Collective Catalog of the Network of State Archives and Libraries): Brings together the library collections of the eight Spanish state archives as well as the library of the Centro de Información Documental de Archivos (CIDA).

Censo-Guía de Archivos de España e Iberoamérica (Census-Guide of Spanish and Iberoamerican Archives): Search tool for Spanish archival content, descriptive repository for materials deemed Spanish cultural patrimony, and source of information about various Spanish archives. Provides links to all regional archives of the Spanish autonomous communities on its Enlaces de interés page.

Guía de Fuentes Documentales de Archivos (Guide to Documentary and Archival Sources): Serves as a hub of archival activity and research in Spain, and facilitates searching across different archival collections. Users can search by guide (i.e., History of Spain, History of América, Spanish Civil War, Science and Technology, and European History) or by various other fields (e.g., Archive, Autonomous Community, Language, Date).

Instituto dos Arquivos Nacionais (Institute of the National Archives), previously known as Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (National Archive of Torre do Tombo): Contains documents and artifacts that span Portuguese history and some that pre-date the formation of Portugal. Collection highlights include documentation of the Inquisition; Portuguese activity in Africa, Latin America, and Asia during the colonial period; and church history. Also useful for genealogical research.

Legislación Histórica de España (LHE; Historical Legislation of Spain): Provides access to many kinds of historical legislative materials related to the Spanish kingdom and the autonomous communities. Contains images, manuscripts, and printed materials, as well as a helpful thesaurus.

MetaPARES: Index of documents that have cited material from the various national archives in Spain. Includes full-text content in some cases.

Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES; Spanish Archives Portal): Best online tool for accessing Spanish national and regional archives. Allows users to browse archival content from a variety of Spanish institutions and member libraries.

Reference Tools

In addition to the professional associations, journals, and databases noted above, the following books and resources offer a broad overview of various topics.

• Gies, David T, ed. 1999. The Cambridge Companion to Modern Spanish Culture. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Kallendorf, Hilaire, ed. 2018. A Companion to the Spanish Renaissance. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
• Labanyi, Jo, and Tatjana Pavlovic, eds. 2012. A Companion to Spanish Cinema. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
• Muñoz-Basols, Javier, Laura Lonsdale, and Manuel Delgado, eds. 2017. The Routledge Companion to Iberian Studies. London; New York: Routledge.
• Parkinson, Stephen, Cláudia Pazos Alonso, and T. F. Earle, eds. 2009. A Companion to Portuguese Literature. Woodbridge, U.K.: Tamesis.
• Rodgers, Eamonn, ed. 1999. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Spanish Culture. London; New York: Routledge.
• Ros, Xon de, and Geraldine Hazbun, eds. 2011. A Companion to Spanish Women Studies. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK; Rochester, NY: Tamesis.
• Tellkamp, Jörg Alejandro, ed. 2020. A Companion to Early Modern Spanish Imperial Political and Social Thought. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
• Diccionario Histórico de la Lengua Española. In Spanish, open access.
• Enciclopedia Catalana. In Catalan, includes some open access content.
• Oxford Bibliographies. Subscription resource.
  • Art of Medieval Iberia
  • Iberian Atlantic World. 1600-1800
  • Portuguese Atlantic World
  • Women Writing in Early Modern Spain
• SALALM Iberian Studies Guide. From the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (SALALM).

Distinctive Print Collections

In addition to the following collections of particular note for Iberian Studies, several other US institutions have historically maintained strong collections in the field, such as Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, and the University of California, Berkeley.

Abraham Lincoln Archives Collection, New York University: Important collection on the Spanish Civil War. Founded by North American volunteers who formed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and fought in the Spanish Civil War. Contains letters, writings, oral histories, photographs, posters, artifacts, and ephemera.

Library of the Hispanic Society of America (HSA): Most extensive collection of Hispanic art and literature outside of Spain and Latin America. Collections include more than 250,000 manuscripts, documents, and letters dating from the 11^th to 20^th centuries, along with 30,000 books printed before 1830, including some 250 incunabula (books printed before 1500). Also features a modern research library with extensive holdings on the literature, fine arts, geography, history, and cultures of Spain, Portugal, Latin America, and the Philippines.

John Carter Brown Library, Brown University: A premier research library for the study of the history of the Americas. Maintains a strong collection of primary sources, including rare books, maps, and manuscripts, on Spanish and Portuguese activity in the so-called “New World.”

Jon Bilbao Basque Library—Renoko Euskal Liburutegia, University of Nevada at Reno: Premier research library dedicated exclusively to Basque culture and history. Consists of an archival and a public collection, both of which include multiformat holdings.

Library of Congress, Hispanic Division: A primary access point for research related to Iberian Studies in the US. Includes a 6,000 volume reference collection, as well as the Archive of Hispanic Literature on Tape, with Spanish, Portuguese, Latin American, and Latino writers reading passages from their own works.

Newberry Library: Like the John Carter Brown Library, a premier research library for the history of the Americas and the early modern period. Includes books, manuscripts, maps, and other materials. Many holdings related to Spanish and Portuguese activity in the colonial period may be found in the Edward E. Ayer Collection, and are accessible via the Spanish-American Colonial Manuscripts Research Guide.

Revistas de la Movida Collection, Brown University: Constitutes the most comprehensive US collection of Spanish cultural magazines from the so-called movida madrileña, the countercultural period following the death of Francisco Franco.

Spanish Civil War Collection, Hoover Institution: Features memoirs of US volunteers who fought for the Spanish Republic. Of particular significance are Burnett Bolloten’s extensive collected research materials. Other collections pertain to US diplomats in Spain during the Franco era and to groups opposed to Franco’s dictatorship.

According to OCLC, the US research libraries with the greatest number of Catalan holdings include the New York Public Library, Yale Library, the Library of Congress, the University of California-Berkeley Library, and the University Library, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

Professional Development and Networks

Librarians may stay abreast of trends and developments in the field of Iberian Studies via disciplinary and topic area listservs like the MLA Discussion Lists (e.g., Catalan Studies, Galician, Portuguese, Mediterranean, Global Hispanophone), H-Net forums (e.g., H-Spain, H-Portugal, and H-Mediterrannean), and the Europe and Latin American Section (ELAS) of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA).

In terms of professional library organizations dedicated to Iberian Studies, the two most substantive organizations are the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (SALALM), which has an Iberian Studies section, and the Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) European Studies Section (ESS). Both maintain active listservs, have various committees, and hold annual meetings and conferences. ESS maintains an Iberian Studies guide. For Iberian Studies librarians, membership in one or both of these organizations is highly encouraged. The Latin American Studies Association (LASA) has a section on Spain, but it is generally much more focused on Latin America and the Caribbean.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their profound gratitude to the following individuals, who provided valuable assistance in the writing of this chapter:

• Ana Rueda, Professor of Hispanic Studies, University of Kentucky
• Aurora D’Amico, Statistician, National Center for Education Statistics
• Elena Rodrigo Maganto, Casalini Libri
• Lluis Claret, Digitalia
• María Prada Pizarro, Editor, Iberoamericana Vervuert
• Miguel Valladares-Llata, Librarian for Romance Languages and Latin American Studies, University of Virginia
• Moisés Castillo, Associate Professor of Hispanic Studies, University of Kentucky
• Patricia Figueroa, Curator of Iberian and Latin American Collections, Brown University
• Raphael Bacellar, Susanne Bach Books
• Sebastià Bennasar, Digitalia

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